Scientists discover toughest known material at ultra-cold temperatures

Microstructure and fractography of the CrCoNi-based alloys Credit: Dr Dong Liu

Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered an alloy that shows increased strength at over –250°C (20 Kelvin), making it the toughest material on record.

The findings, published in Science, show that chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy displays a high fracture toughness in cryogenic temperatures paving the way for its use in extreme environments on Earth and in space.

The behavior of this particular combination of metals is caused by a phase transformation that, when combined with other nano-scale mechanisms, prevents crack formation and propagation.

Lead author Dr. Dong Liu of Bristol’s School of Physics, explained, “This is very interesting because most alloys become more brittle with a decrease in temperature. I reference the sinking of liberty ships in WWII and Titanic which were due to the metals losing its ductility at low temperatures.”

“People often mix the concept of strength and toughness. If you Google, ‘what is the toughest materials on earth?’ ‘Diamond’ will jump out on the top line. Diamond is the hardest known material to date, but hardness is usually related to strength of a material—diamond is indeed very hard and strong but it is not tough.”

Structures such as nuclear pressure vessels require metals which are less hard but have good ductility and toughness to tolerate damage. These metals give warning before they finally fracture, which is necessary, particularly for life-critical applications.

Dr. Liu added, “As this CrCoNi material does not decrease in strength and toughness as it becomes as cold as 20 Kelvin, it can be potentially used as structural or load-bearing components for many potential applications in space and cold regions on earth and other planets.”‘

“Also, as we have discovered the mechanisms that are responsible for the improved strength and toughness. This means these processes can be used as a design guide for scientists and engineers to design better materials.”

Now Dr. Liu and her team plan to further untangle fundamental causes for the sequence of toughening mechanisms in this material at 20 Kelvin using novel experimental and modeling methods. They also want to look at other types of high entropy alloys to see if they will show similar behaviors.

Dr. Liu said, “The experimental testing the toughness of this material at 20K was not a trivial effort, it took us a few years to design and complete. The success of the experiment was based on our rich experience and strong expertise in testing materials under extreme conditions.”

More information:
Peng Zhang et al, Getting tougher in the ultracold, Science (2022). DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2205

Dong Liu et al, Exceptional fracture toughness of CrCoNi-based medium- and high-entropy alloys at 20 kelvin, Science (2022). DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8070

Provided by
University of Bristol


Citation:
Scientists discover toughest known material at ultra-cold temperatures (2023, February 8)
retrieved 8 February 2023
from https://techxplore.com/news/2023-02-scientists-toughest-material-ultra-cold-temperatures.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

For all the latest Technology News Click Here 

 For the latest news and updates, follow us on Google News

Read original article here

Denial of responsibility! TechNewsBoy.com is an automatic aggregator around the global media. All the content are available free on Internet. We have just arranged it in one platform for educational purpose only. In each content, the hyperlink to the primary source is specified. All trademarks belong to their rightful owners, all materials to their authors. If you are the owner of the content and do not want us to publish your materials on our website, please contact us by email – [email protected]. The content will be deleted within 24 hours.